In the seven years that Hugo Chavez has been in power in Venezuela, starting in 1999, $350 billion have entered the country in oil revenues. Nevertheless, the Poverty Index already at 43% has risen to 54% (numbers from the National Institute of Statistics, INE 's note: The INE is a Venezuelan government agency]). En the same time period, indigence has risen from 20% to 28% (same Venezuelan source). The external debt has risen from $22 billion to $27 billion.